Chen et al. implemented controlled dust deposition experiments on PV modules, establishing three distinct sand and dust coverage densities: 10 g/m 2, 20 g/m 2, and 30 g/m 2. Their results demonstrated that a dust density
PV panels installation bracket angle is 30°, to ensure that dust pollutants will not cause slippage. Table 1. The parameters of PV panels. Parameters If RMSE < α, indicating
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Abstract: Dust accumulation can severely affect the normal balance between different areas of photovoltaic panels, leading to a sharp decline in power generation efficiency and service life.
Fault detection within the solar PV system covers eight primary categories, including output circuitry of the solar panels (points A and B), energy storage batteries (points C and D), MPPT