Ammonia (NH 3) plays a vital role in global agricultural systems owing to its fertilizer usage is a prerequisite for all nitrogen mineral fertilizers and around 70 % of globally
The conventional Haber–Bosch process (HBP) for NH3 production results in CO2 emissions of almost 400 Mt/y and is responsible for 1–2% of global energy consumption; furthermore, HBP requires large-scale industrial equipment.
By definition, a Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) is a type of energy storage solution, a collection of large batteries within a container, that can store and discharge electrical energy upon request. The system serves as a buffer
In response, considerable research and development efforts have been focused on innovative alternative energy sources and more efficient energy storage systems. [ 1 - 5 ] Sustainable–renewable energy resources (e.g., hydrogen
